MX (Mail Exchange) records are DNS entries that tell the internet which mail server is responsible for receiving email on behalf of a domain. Before any message is delivered, the sending server performs an MX record lookup to find the correct destination. If that lookup fails or returns no records, the message bounces immediately. Understanding MX records is fundamental to diagnosing deliverability problems.
When an email is sent to you@example.com, the sending server queries DNS for example.com's MX records, connects to the returned hostname on port 25, and delivers the message. No MX record means no email delivery.
Each MX record has a priority number. Lower numbers are tried first. Most domains publish two or more MX records so that if the primary server is down, a backup takes over automatically, preventing lost messages.
Missing MX records cause hard bounces. Misconfigured hostnames that do not resolve cause soft bounces. Parked or expired domains often have no MX records at all, making them safe to suppress from your sending list.
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